Shell for high explosives



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J. G. JUSTIN. SHELL EUR HIGH BXPLOSIVES.

No. 424,482. Patented Apr. L1, 1394.l

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JonneaiUsTiN, or -sirrnieosn, nssieNoR or ons-HALF To MILTON DELANO,4

WILLIAM HTATTEN, A ND ensnnain nn WITT, ALL on cANAsToTA-Nnw AYORK,

SHELL. FOR HGH EXPLSIVES.

SPEIFICATION forming-part of Letters Patent No. 424,482, dated A .prl 1, 1890.

Application filedlSeptmber 2, 1889. SerialNp. 322,653. (No model.)l I

To aZZ whom it may concern-s Be tknown that I, JOEL G'. JUSTIN, of Syra-v cus/e, inthe 'county otOnondaga, in the State fof. New York, have invented new andnseful- 5 Improvements in"Shells for 4High Explosives,

' j ot .Whichr'thefollowing taken injcohnectiongr with the' 'accompanying' drawings, is 'a full;v

clear, and exact description;

My-intfentionrelates he const'rictionofc l ro shells :designed for ringhighexplosives 'froint Myfolect is to 'construct a'shell eapableof carry/ing heavy chargesefr dynamite or'other highexplosive and to furnishsuciiproteotion gi 5 from .the shockk incident tothe 'explosion of the powder as shall Preventthe premature ex?.

plosion `of Vthe explosive.

Myinvention consists inthe several novel Vfeatures of construction and operation here-fy zo Vinafter described, and speoiiically set forth in. the, claims-annexed.

3 is alike section on theline'y y, and Fig. 4'

is' a like'sectio'n on the line .e

'3o ,-is the body of 'the shell, of tubular forni and thickened adjacent tothebreech, substantiallyv as shown, and provided with a breechpieee l, screwed or otherwise secured in the breech and elosingthe same. A sabot 2, of

v 3 5 sottI metal, is castor otherwise seouredupon and around the breech. -The front end of the body is closed by the serewplug 3, which is provided with a peripheral flange i and with a. centralV opening 5, opening out through a '4o stud 6, upon the top of which I erect a .pin 7 The'l head of-the 'shellS screws or is otherwise secured upon the plug 3, substantially as shown. i

`Within the body A, I place a cylinder B,

y closed at the ends by a screw-cap 9, and upon this screw-cap I place an elastic washer 10, and upon this washer I secure the ianged disk 11, of leather or other rather Vvstiit` but slightly. eiastic material, offgrea'ter diameter t ports, 14,;op`en1 than'the screwcap and fitting theboreofthe body, 'andanehoring the cylinder B apart from thebody-,and preventing :the metallic contact. of-lgthese cylinders. A The washer 1Ois diameterthan the disk 11', and operates to ree'u-foroet edisk `peripherall'y, in that if the tv'eighf; of the carrier compresses the valve on onelsidi'ftheedge of the-washer at-that point Will'eonie against-.the outer-V'shelland aiord greaterresistance tosagging and Weight, and Will'thusfaidwin preventing` hetm'etallic con- ,tacto'ffth'etwof cylinders fjwashr 12 is 'otgreater'diameter than the eap9^and`of less'. I Y

plaoeduporifthe disk-bodand these Wash sersl anddiskjare. s'eetilredtogether uponthe lehamberjbetween hecylinderl'andthe body. 'i "Within the. cylinder B',`-`an ,fitting `closely therein, l place the'woodenbox or boxes 15, consisting of a body-an'dcovergboth of Wood or other-nonsvbratoiyy material, the number of boxes. 'varying according to the size of the shell and according tothe quantity of eXplosives I may desir-ete use. These boxes are charged with the explbsive in substantially the followingman'ner: A layer of Kiesel. guhr or other. l compre'sslble absorbent is placedin the bottom otthe box, then a stick of explosive is'cut oit tothe desired length and placed centrally inthe bok, and the spaceV between itand' the box is filled in with the absorbent, and. also the space between the cover and the explosive 17 vwith the absorb-v entlG. These boxes, where more than one is used, communicate with 'each other by means of. central openings 18 in the'coveiiandbottom. These openings arecloSe'd by securing n a disk of paraflineA paper-` over.- themptoV pre-r` vent leakage into the joint between the ends of the boxes and outward to the inner sui-f face ot' the cylinder B. 'This explosive-c'ar-. 'V

rier is insertedinto the front end ofthe body, Y the disk-flanges forming a tight joint against?- the inner surface, and a Wire 19 issecured atjf one end to van yeye upon the -Washer i12, and? when the .eXplosixtc-carrier is drawif up tvo-'oirv` .against the innerlsurface. ofy the plug o 'the "gun'powdein Wire passiiig'ti'irough the opening 5 isl'secured upon the 'pin 7..'l .This Wire suspends the car- ,ricr adjacent to the front end of the shell, keeping it in proper position du ring' its storage and while being put into the cannon and up to the time When it receives the impetus of the firing charge ofthe cannon, and this impetus instantlybreaks this wire. Then the 'body vis releasedfand, moving independently of the. carrier, is driven forward, compressing the air column between the breech and the carrier until the inertia of: the carrier is overcome, Whenthe body and carrier travel together. The ports loperate to transmit the aircoinpression into the chamber around the periphery ot the carrier and between 'che disks, and when this pressure has reached u certain point air will be forced or drawn through between the flange of the forward -disk'and the inner Wallof the body into the @chamber in front of the carrier, reducing the vacuum, and on account oi' the front disk fitting closethis disk regula tes and controls' the iiow of air from the rear to the front, and thus regulates the backward movement of the carriernntil the shell has acquired its full momentum, when the carrier will lie adjacentto.

or against the breech of the body. During all of this time the periphery of the carrier is surrounded by compressed air and is supported-and stead'ied thereby, and the flange 'The 'open air-chamber around the carrier operates 'to protect it from the heat of the The shell itself may bc exploded by any ordinary percussion-cap or fuse'A or other firing device. u

That Iclaim as iny invention, and desire` to securefby Letters Patent, isz shell, of the explosive-carrying cylinder providedwith iianged disks secured upon and projecting beyond 'its Vends and fitting the bore of'the-bodyfas set forth.

2. The combination, with Vthe body 'of the shell, of the explosivefcarrying cylinder provided with angeddisksnpon the ends titting-theibore of the body and '.neans for detaohably holding the cylinder adjacent to the hjeadof vvthe shell, substantially as described.

The combination, withv the body of the- 'sh'ell, of 'an v explosiufecarrying cylinder -pro- 'vided Withva solid anged'diskupoii its' front endend-a Hang-ed valve l provided withv port-s tially as described.

4.. The combination, withjthe body'of the through the liange upon its'rear eiid, substam.

shell and the explosive-carrying cylidergo the elastic Washers secured'upo'nthe ends of the cylinder andproj ectin'g beyond them and the angeddisks. secured thereonand pro- 1. The combination, with the body of the jecting lbeyond the Washers and fitting the bore of the shell, as set forth.

. 5. The combination, with the'explosive-carryin g cylinder, of -a series of removable boxes fitting closely within the cylinder and communicating with each other. through their ends and a compressilole absorbent packing around the explosives Within each box, substantially as described.

6. An explosive-carrying cylinder suspend! ed by flanged disks secured upon and beyond its ends fitting the bore of the outer shellbody, in combination with the outer shellfbody adapted to slide longitudinally over the. cylinder and disks, as set forth. f

y '7. The combinatioin'with the bodyof the shell and the explosive-carrying cylinder supported therein bylianged disks secured upon and beyond the ends and fitting the bore of the body, of a series ofremovable boxes iitt-ing closely Within, the cylinder and communicating' with each other through their ends, and a compressible absorbent packing around the explosives Within each box, as set forth. 8. The combination, with the body of the shell and the explosive-carrying cylinder supported therein by flanged disks secured upon and beyond the ends and fitting the bore of the body,.an d suspended detachably by a cord or Wire connected to the head of the shell and to the cylinder, ol' a series of removable boxes fitting closely within the cylinder and communicating with each other through their ends,

and a cnmpressible absorbent packing'aound loo the explosives Within each box, as set forth.

9. The combination, with the body of the shell, the.explosive-carrying cylinder Within it, the elastic Washers largerthan the cylinder and secured thereon# and the hanged diskslarger than said Washers and fitting the bore of the body-of the shell, of a series of re.

movableboxes tting'closely Within the cy1- inder and communicating with each other through their) ends, and a compressible absorbentpacking around the explosives Within each box, as set, forth.

-.1O..'The combination, with the body of the shell and the explosive-carrying cylinder supported therein byiianged disks iittingthe bore of the body and secured upon and beyond the ends of the cylinder, of series of removable boxes fitting closely Within the cylinder and holding the explosive, and .communicating with each other through their ends, as set forth.

IIC

1l. Thecoinbination, with the bdyfot the.

shel1 the explosive carrying* cylinder 'supported therein by fla'ngedrdisks tting the bore of the body'and securednpon and beyond fthe' ends of th'ejcylinder, and ya .cord or Wirede- .i tachably Vconnecting'thel 'cylinder totlesh'ell-l body, ofra series ofxremovable .boxesffitting closelyWithin.the cylinderand vholding theiexplosive, and communicating with eachother through their' ends,- as set forth; 1

shell, of the eXplosive-oarryinr cylinder, thev sive, and communicating .with each other ro ,Washers secured upon the endsthereofandprothrough their ends, as set forth. ject-,ing beyond their peripheries, the flanged In witness whereof I have hereunto set my disks secured upon the ends of the cylinder hand this 31st day of August, 18`89.

5 exteriorto and projecting beyond lche Washers 1 1 if toA fill the bore of the body, a cord or wi-re de- JOEL G' JUSL n" tachably connecting the cylinder to the body, In presence ol-v and a, series of removable boxes fitting closely HOWARD I. DENISON, Within the cylinder and carrying the explo- I F. T. DENISON. 

